| Production data | Cost | Legislation | Technology main category | Technology sub category | Product main category | Product sub category | Secondary raw material | Country | Input material | Technology maturity and readiness level | Processing capacity | Process description | CAPEX | OPEX | Market | Considered as fertiliser in the national regulatory framework? | Considered as fertiliser in the European regulatory framework? | Component Material category (CMC) | ABP under scope ABPR (EG 2009/1069 and EU142/2011) | Waste framework directive | Manure under Nitrate directive | Sewage sludge Directive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Bio drying | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Bio dried solid fraction | Treated manure | Spain | Pig slurry, solid fraction,poultry manure(...See all) | 7 | 6.5 - 8.5 t year | The solid fraction of pig slurry feeds the biodrying reactor, or trench, to remove part of the moisture contained in the stream and concentrate nutrients.(...See all) | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | |||||||
| 2 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Membrane systems (Microfiltration coupled to Reverse Osmosis and freeze concentration)(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Nutrient-rich concentrate | Treated manure | Spain | manure. Liquid fraction pig slurry(...See all) | 7 | 1-2 t year | The reverse osmosis produces a nutrient-rich retentate which is further concentrated through a freeze concentration technology(...See all) | CMC 10 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | ||||||||
| 3 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Membrane filtration | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Mineral concentrate | Treated manure | Belgium | Pig manure, co product | 9 | Mineral concentrate is produced via membrane separation.(...See all) | € 680 000 | 5.76 €/m³ slurry | Seen as animal manure | Seen as animal manure | CMC 10, or CMC 15 if it is ever recognised as a synthetic fertiliser substitute, losing the status of animal manure (...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | |||||
| 4 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Combustion | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Ash | Treated manure | Spain, Finland | pig slurry, biodried solid fraction(...See all) | 9 | 0.6 - 1.5 t year | Biothermal drying (composting) is a natural process in which living organisms (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) convert fresh organic matter under controlled conditions and in the presence of oxygen into homogeneous, stable and humus-rich (organic matter) compost.(...See all) | CMC 13 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||
| Thermochemical nutrient recovery | BMC Moerdijk thermochemical process(...See all) | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Ash | Treated manure | Netherlands | Poultry manure | 9 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| 5 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Membrane contactor | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium salts | Treated manure | Spain | Pig slurry, solid fraction | 7 | 2 t/ year | The liquid fraction of pig slurry is firstly treated through MF.Then, the membrane contactor is fed with the permeate from the previous unit (MF) and ammonium sulphate solution is obtained as product.(...See all) | CMC 15 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 6 | Biological nutrient recovery | Enzymatic hydrolysis of microalgae(...See all) | biostimulants | Treated manure | Spain | Manure | 9 | 0.16 t year | The permeate obtained from the membrane systems is used as growth media to cultivate microalgae, which are then enzymatically hydrolysed after harvesting to obtain biostimulants .(...See all) | CMC 1 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 7 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Organic fertiliser | Treated manure | The Netherlands,Poland, France | Mix of composted poultry manure and composted pig manure, Chicken manure, cattle manure(...See all) | 9 | The manure is composted and then air-dried (no dryer is used), then undergoes a granulation process. In the final stage, high temperature eliminates undesirable pathogens, weed seeds or eggs or young stages of insect development. (...See all) | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | CMC 10 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | |||||||
| 8 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Manure heating-dispersing technology(...See all) | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | liquid fertiliser - AGROLINIJA-S(...See all) | Treated manure | Poland | Cattle manure | 9 | Organic fertilizer obtained by means of an innovative - hydrodynamic cavitation technology of manure from beef cattle bedding and humic acids from leonardita humates. Thanks to this technology, an ecological fertiliser is obtained in concentrate with a very large amount of fulvic and humic acids, rich in micro- and macroelements.(...See all) | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | ||||||||
| 9 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Stripping & scrubbing | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate | Treated manure | Belgium, Belgium, The Netherland | liquid fraction of pig slurry | 9 | 285 t/y | After S/L separation, liquid fraction is treated in a stripping/scrubbing system to recover nitrogen from it. The liquid fraction flows to the stripper where ammonia is stripped out to the gas phase and subsequently scrubbed with sulphuric acid into ammonium sulphate. Exhaust digestate is rich in potassium and identified as liquid potassium fertiliser.(...See all) | € 220 000-550 000 | 1.3 €/kg, based on 0.9 €/kg N(...See all) | 100 €/tonne | Seen as animal manure | Seen as animal manure | CMC 10, or CMC 15 if it is ever recognised as a synthetic fertiliser substitute, losing the status of animal manure (...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium sulphate | Treated manure | France, Belgium, The Netherlands | liquid fraction of pig slurry | 40 t/y | Seen as animal manure | Seen as animal manure | CMC 10, or CMC 15 if it is ever recognised as a synthetic fertiliser substitute, losing the status of animal manure (...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium water | Treated manure | Belgium | 724 t/y | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Poul-AR stripping and acidic washing process(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate/ sulphate | Treated manure | Belgium | Mix of manure organic wastes | advanced development stage | Household food waste is an ABP. ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011. Household food waste is an ABP. (...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Detricon stripping and scrubbing process(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate/sulphate | Treated manure | Belgium | Liquid fraction of manure | 9 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | BENAS process | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate/sulphate | Treated manure | Germany | Maize silage & poultry manure | advanced development stage | If product contains or is derived from ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | On-farm scrubbing | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium sulphate (recovered from NH3 emissions)(...See all) | Treated manure | Balgium | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| 10 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Pyrolysis | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Biochar | Treated manure | France | poultry manure (solid) | 7 | 0.3-0.4 t/y | Slow pyrolysis of poultry manure.(...See all) | 10 M EUR | 436-863 EUR/ tonne (for conventional pyrolysis) 564-979 EUR/tonne (for microwave pyrolysis)(...See all) | Yes, but often it's mixed with manure and than it has to be seen as animal manure.(...See all) | Yes, but often it's mixed with manure and than it has to be seen as animal manure.(...See all) | CM 14 pyrolisis and gasification materials(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||
| Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Thermo Catalytic Reforming | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Biochar | Treated manure | Germany | Cattle dung | 7 | 65 t/y | Thermo-catalytic reforming of pelletised (and terated with citric acid) cattle dung(...See all) | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||
| 11 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Thermochemical nutrient recovery(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | PK fertilizer from ash | Treated manure | The Netherlands | Ash from poultry manure | 57.000 t /year | The PK fertiliser is derived from hydrated ash of incinerated poultry manure. Poultry manureis obtained from poultry farms in the Netherlands meeting EU compliances for animal production. The material is produced from the ash of incinerated poultry manure and water. Main nutrients are phosphorus and potassium. The fertiliser has a neutralizing value due to the presence of hydrated burnt lime and the fertiliser contains secondary and micro- nutrients.(...See all) | CM 13 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||
| 12 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Mechanical separation | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Liquid fraction of manure (after separation)(...See all) | Treated manure | Ireland | Cattle manure | -20 - -18 EUR/tonne | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Solid fraction of manure ( after separation)(...See all) | -20 - -18 EUR/tonne | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | field dewatering and drying | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Hygienized liquid and solid fertilizer(...See all) | Treated manure | Germany | Liquid manure | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Physical chemical nitrogen recovery (VeDoWS adapted stable construction system)(...See all) | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Urine from pig manure | Treated manure | Belgium | raw pig manure | 9 | By adaption of a stable system, pig manure is being primary separated in solid manure and urine in the stable. This primary separation of manure in the cellar is the basis of lower ammonia emissions. There is no need for chemicals by using this technique.(...See all) | Household food waste is an ABP. ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011. Household food waste is an ABP. (...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | TerraSaline S (ASL)” water extraction(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | ammonium sulphate (N-fertilizer 21% N, 24% S added with lime)(...See all) | Treated manure | Germany | Ammonia Sulphate Solution (ASL) of any concentration, for example from digestate; manure recovery other streams(...See all) | 9 | Household food waste is an ABP. ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011. Household food waste is an ABP. (...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | TerraOrganic FFT&HEF system | solidorganic phase, P-concentrate, N-concentrate: Ammonium sulphate(...See all) | Treated manure | Manure | 9 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Geamix housing system | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Liquid manure | Treated manure | The netherlands | Raw manure from calves | 9 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | decanter centrifuge | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | liquid manure | Treated manure | Germany | Solid fraction and clarified liquid(...See all) | 9 | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||
| 13 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Reverse osmosis, evaporation | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Mineral nitrogen concentrates | Treated manure | The Netherlands | raw pig manure | 9 | From the reactor tank the manure goes to the sieve belt press. Within this press the liquid part of the manure, with minerals is separated from the solid manure, liquid fraction send to flotation unit and then to paper filter where lefte over organic materials are filtered out. Then it goes through reverse osmosis where membrane filtration separtes wlean filtration separates clean water from the mineral concentrate. (...See all) | Considered as animal manure | Considered as animal manure | CM10, or CM15 if it is ever recognised as a synthetic fertiliser substitute, losing the status of animal manure(...See all) | If product contains or is (derived from) ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | ||||||
| 14 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Drying, mixing, pelletizing and granulation(...See all) | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Kasvimaalannoite | Treated manure | Finland | Chicken manure, | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Peruna- ja juureslannoite(...See all) | Treated manure | Finland | Chicken manure, | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Ravinnepuikko | Treated manure | Finland | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Kanankakka | Treated manure | Finland | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Luonnonlannoite | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Marja- ja hedelmälannoite(...See all) | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Peruna- ja juureslannoite(...See all) | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 3-1-7-3 | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 3-1-15-5 | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 4-1-6-2 | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 4-1-3-1 | Treated manure | Finland | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| 15 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Gas scrubber | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Novarbo Aino 3-0-3 | Treated manure | Finland | Chicken manure | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Novarbo Aino 1-0-3 | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Novarbo Aino 5-0-0 | Treated manure | Finland | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Biolan Ravinneneste | Treated manure | Finland, The Netherlands | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| 16 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | MAP reactor | Struvite & other P-products | Monoammonium phosphate | Treated manure | Germany | Cattle dung | 7 | 150 t/y | MAP Reactor filled with perlite for the adsorption of nitrogen in off gases of TCR.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| 17 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Chemical addition | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | N recovery as ammonium | Treated manure | Denmark | Pig slurry | 9 | The SyreN system automatically defines and lowers the pH of the slurry. It uses sulphuric acid to lower the pH, as this is 100% environmentally balanced product and the most concentrated and effective acid to lower the pH. The ammonia is thus transformed to ammonium and readily available to the plants after application, when the slurry penetrates the soil.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 18 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | With mix fertilizer biological and stripping process(...See all) | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Enriched compost | Treated manure | Spain | chicken manure from poultry farm,(...See all) | 8 | The installed stripping prototype recovered 80 % of the nitrogen from the liquid fraction of the pig manure .(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 19 | Phosphoru precipitation | REVAWASTE crystallisation process(...See all) | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Struvite | Treated manure | Spain | Pig manure digestate, magnesium chloride and NaOH(...See all) | Advanced development stage | Precipitated phosphate salts can be legally used as a fertiliser in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Denmark and the UK(...See all) | Yes | CM 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | |||||
| 20 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Hydrothermal carbonisation | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Hydrochar | Treated manure | EU | Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry(...See all) | 8 | 1. SL separation of the manure. This stage may not be necessary depending on the humidity of the manure, since it is highly variable depending on the type (cattle manure, pig slurry, etc.). 2. Hydrothermal carbonisation. The operation takes place in the liquid phase. This can condition the previous stage of separation SL.3. SL separation of the carbonised media. 4. Treatment of the liquid fraction and dewatering - drying of the solid fraction.(...See all) | 27.3 Million euros for treating 78 000 tonnes/yr(...See all) | 20 €/tonne | 130-200 €/tonne | Specific regulation at national level of the Member-States not found(...See all) | Yes | CM 14 pyrolisis and gasification materials(...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||
| 21 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Chemical phosphorus removal | Struvite & other P-products | Vivianite | Treated manure | EU | Treated manure from cattle, pig and poultry(...See all) | 6 | Vivianite is formed to a greater or lesser extent in aerobic digesters, especially if some Fe coagulant has previously been added (chemical phosphorus removal in WWTP for example) or to control the formation of H2S in the biogas. Its formation can also be promoted from the addition of Fe (II or III) and subsequent separation (mainly magnetically) of the mineral from the digested sludge. Therefore, in the case of the manure as raw material, the production process would imply the previous anaerobic digestion of the manure. The procedures to promote the production of vivianite and its recovery from a digested sludge are still at a low TRL level.(...See all) | 10,000 €/tonne (potential) | Yes, but often it's mixed with manure and than it has to be seen as animal manure.No(...See all) | CM 12 | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | |||||
| 22 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Pelletising | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Pelletised broiler manure | Treated manure | Ireland | Broiler manure | 9 | 250,000t/year | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 23 | Biological nutrient recovery | Anaerobic digestion | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Untreated (raw) digestate incl. animal manure(...See all) | Digestate | EU | Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. The organic material is digested by different groups of microorganisms, which convert large organic compounds in smaller molecules to finally produce methane, carbon dioxide and other gases in small portion. After a period of time in the digester, the remaining organic material is taken out from the reactor and is what is called digestate. Manure was used to produce biogas. The final digestate is spread on the soils without any pre- treatment.(...See all) | 0,2-0,7 EUR/tonne FM | 11 €/tonne | When an end-point for products derived from animal by-product will be determined under the ABPR, yes(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Untreated (raw) digestate without animal manure(...See all) | Digestate | EU | 9 | 0,2-0,7 EUR/tonne FM | Yes, when fulfilling FPR requirements(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Digestate | Digestate | Belgium | Digestate of cattle slurry | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | CMC 4 | ||||||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Liquid and solid equivalent digestate(...See all) | Digestate | Mainly Italy, but also EU in general | Livestock manure alone amounts to ca 1,400 106 tons/year in EU. - Organic fraction of municipal waste 140 106 tons/year in EU. - Number of biogas plants in EU ca 20,000.(...See all) | Digestate is composed of mixtures of biomasses transformed as a result of an anaerobic digestion process. Agricultural matrices, agro-industrial by-products, organic fraction of organic waste from separate collection. In particular it consists of a stabilized organic fraction formed by the most recalcitrant organic molecules of biological origin and a mineral fraction represented by nutrients in mineral form and other more or less soluble mineral compounds.(...See all) | storage tanks = 0.5 €/t; pushed solid/liquid separators = 0.2-0.5 €/t complex post-treatment plants (e.g., membranes, stripping) = 1.5-2.5 €/t(...See all) | related to digestate management and use in the field = 2.5-3 €/t. related to pushed solid-liquid separation = 0.5-1 €/t . membrane treatments and/or stripping 0 4 €/t.(...See all) | There is no market value, however, a potential substitute value of 6-9 €/t of digestate as such can be applied. Post treatment and eventual marketing of finished products could lead to market values equal to that of synthetic fertilizers.(...See all) | No, but Italy is waiting for a reply from the EU Commission after a set of explanations provided by the Italian government as per request of the Commission itself. Italy provided these explanations on Sept.2022. Regulatory references: - Decree Law 21/2022 converted into Law n.51 of 20 may 2022. THis states that the digestate can be considered equivalent to fertilizers under certain conditions. On these conditions, the EC requested some explanations provided on Sept. 2022. - Ministerial Decree February 25, 2016 General technical criteria and standards for the regional regulation of the agronomic use of livestock manure and wastewater, as well as the production and agronomic use of digestate. Published in the Official Gazette April 18, 2016, No. 90, S.O. Issued by the Ministry of Agricultural Food and Forestry Policy.(...See all) | No, at EU level it is not considered fertilezer. Regulatory reference: - REGULATION (EU) 2019/1009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of June 5, 2019.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Farm scale anaerobic digestion | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Digestate | Digestate | Belgium | Digestate pig slurry | 9 | Farm scale AD is characterized by the use of on-farm residues to produce on-farm energy. The fermentation process takes place in a large reactor in the absence of oxygen. During fermentation, organic matter is converted into biogas. The biogas (mainly consisting out of methane) is subsequently burned in a combined heat and power unit (CHP) and results in a renewable energy source in the form of heat and electricity. The fermented biomass is called digestate and can be used on the farm as organic fertilizer. (...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 24 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Solid-Liquid separation | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Liquid fraction of digestate | Digestate | Belgium | digestate | 180 Mt/y | Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Furthermore, some plants also apply a treatment to the liquid fraction such as ammonia-stripping. The liquid fraction of digestate contains high residual of organic compounds.(...See all) | The CAPEX include the cost for the separation process (which is supposed to be limited) and for storage(...See all) | 4 EUR/tonne (transport for 15 km distance) 4 EUR/tonne (spreading cost)(...See all) | 5 €/tonne | Yes, with different requirements per country(...See all) | Yes, if EU Regulation for fertilising products 2019/1009 is met(...See all) | CMC 4 and 5 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Solid fraction of digestate | Digestate | Belgium | digestate | Digestate is obtained after the anaerobic digestion of organic feedstocks in a reactor. In order to retrieve the liquid phase of the digestate, a phase separation process is required. It separates the liquid phase from the solid fraction of the digestate. Several technologies are available: belt press, sieve drum, screw press, sieve or decanter centrifuge, and possibly with the use of chemicals to boost separation. It is important to note that the separation process might impact the characteristic of the solid and liquid fractions. Solid fractions of digestate contain more phosphorous. In this database, the data on the solid fraction of the digestate are gathered for the after source separation, and not for the further processing of the solid fraction using for instance composting methods.(...See all) | N/A | 10 €/tonne | Yes, with different requirements per country(...See all) | Yes, if EU Regulation for fertilising products 2019/1009 is met(...See all) | CMC 4 and 5 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Organic soil conditioner | Digestate | The Netherlands | Digested cattle and pig slurry (...See all) | 7 | 172 t/y | solid fraction of the digestate(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| 25 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Stripping & scrubbing | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium sulphate solution | Digestate | The Netherlands | Digested cattle slurry | 40 t/y | The liquid fraction flows to the stripper where ammonia is stripped out to the gas phase and subsequently scrubbed with sulphuric acid into ammonium sulphate. Exhaust digestate is rich in potassium and identified as liquid potassium fertiliser(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium sulphate | Digestate | The Netherlands, Belgium,Poland, France | Digested cattle slurry | 285-85,300 t/y | CMC 10 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate | Digestate | The Netherlands, Belgium, Poland | Digested cattle slurry | 285 t/y | CMC 10 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | AMFER stripping process | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium nitrate/sulphate from raw digestate(...See all) | Digestate | The Netherlands | Whole digestate or liquid fraction(...See all) | 9 | from 1 to 500 ton/hour | The AMFER® nitrogen stripper operates as a batch or (semi-) continuous system. Digestate (or other liquids) is sprayed in the tank and aerated to strip the ammonia to the air.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | |||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | VP-Hobe manure and digestate valorisation system(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Mineral- and Potassium-concentrate, NH3-water, Ammonium sulphate, Clean dischargeable water(...See all) | Digestate | The Netherlands | Digestate | 9 | 50.000, 125.000, 250.000 ton/yea(...See all) | Solid-Liquid-separation: Separation takes place in a flotation unit and in a belt filter press. The manure is separated into a solid and a liquid fraction. A flocculant is added. In the flotation system, small air bubbles bring particles to the surface of the tank where it forms a layer of sludge. This layer is scraped off and de-watered in the belt filter press into a solid fraction of 30% dry matter (DM). Reverse Osmosis (RO): A RO processes the liquid fraction (1,7% DM) into a retentate concentrated-N/K2O product (3,4% DM) and a permeate product to be processed in the clean water production. Evaporator/ Stripper/ Scrubber (ESS): The RO-concentrate or thin fraction will be further de-watered in an evaporator. The liquid passes through a falling film evaporator with mechanical vapour recompression. Heating the liquid in the evaporator causes water to evaporate. A vacuum lowers the boiling point, less energy is needed than when evaporating at normal atmospheric pressure. The ammonia in the incoming liquid is removed from the product flow by stripping and concentration into NH3-water (14% N). The evaporator further produces a Potassium concentrate (25% DM), ammonium sulphate by scrubbing the vapour coming out of the evaporator. And condensate. Clean water production (RO-IE): The condensate from ESS unit and the permeate from the RO is cleaned in the RO water polisher and the ion exchanger to achieve the right quality for discharge into surface waters.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| 26 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Pyrolysis | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Biochar | Digestate | France | Soilid fraction of digestate | 0.3-0.4 t/y | After S/L separation. Slow pyrolysis of solid fraction of digestate. (...See all) | CMC 14 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||
| 27 | Phosphoru precipitation | The crystallization of nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Digestate | Spain | Digestate from pig manure | 7 | The digestate leaving the methanogenic reactor is introduced into a crystallization unit and converted to struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) taking advantage of its nutrient content. This procedure allows to recover, jointly, the phosphorus contained in the digestate (an undeniably scarce component) and nitrogen, in the form of a compound with fertilizing properties that can be used in agriculture.(...See all) | 16 EUR/tonne (CAPEX And OPEX) | 16 EUR/tonne (CAPEX And OPEX) | 250 EUR/tonne | End of waste declaration (Grondstofverklaring OVAM, Belgium)(...See all) | CMC12 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||
| 28 | Phosphoru precipitation | P precipitation | Struvite & other P-products | Wet organic phosphorus rich fertiliser(...See all) | Digestate | The Netherlands,Spain | Digested cattle slurry | Pilot | 9 t/y | 1. Dewatering of the digestate. 2. Precipitation of calcium phosphates in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering, by raising the pH and adding Ca2+ 3. Settling, dewatering, washing and drying of precipitated phosphates. Phosphates precipitation can also be done by acting on the digestate before dewatering, and also in the solid fraction abtained after dewatering. These processes have a higher P recovery potential than treatment of the liquid fraction from dewatering, but will produce precipitates with more impurities, which must be washed and purified.(...See all) | CM 12 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||
| Phosphoru precipitation | NuReSys process | Struvite & other P-products | MgNH4PO4.6H2O Struvite Pellets | Digestate | Belgium | Digestate | 9 | Range 0.1 – 2.5 tons/day | NuReSys technology can be applied both on digested sludge or post dewatering a number of case specific approaches are possible.(...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | |||||||||
| Phosphoru precipitation | Precipitation | Struvite & other P-products | K-struvite | Digestate | Digestate | 8 | 180 M tonnes/year | 1. Dewatering of the digestate. 2. Precipitation of K-struvite in the liquid fraction obtained in the dewatering. Process consisting of raising the pH and subsequent addition of Mg2+. NH4+ competes with K+ to precipitate with PO43- and Mg2+, so the NH4+/K+ ratio of the liquid fraction is relevant. In this sense, some digestates, such as the digestate from manure, are more appropriate than others. 3. Growth of crystals, settling, dewatering, washing and drying of crystals.(...See all) | Precipitated phosphate salts can be legally used as a fertiliser in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Denmark and the UK(...See all) | Yes | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | ||||||||
| 29 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Drying | Struvite & other P-products | 90% dried organic phosphorus rich fertiliser (calc.)(...See all) | Digestate | The Netherlands | Digested cattle slurry | 1 t/y | drying of the wet P fertilizer | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | x | |||||||||
| 30 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Combustion | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Ash | Digestate | Spain, Finland | Digestate | 8 | 0.6 - 1.5 t year | 1. Dewatering and drying of the obtained digestate. 2. Dried digestate direct combustión. The ashes obtained will contain a large part of the heavy metals contained in the initial digestate. On the other hand, the P from the ashes will be in a less soluble form and available to plants. For this reason, the ashes can be treated in a second stage to recover the P from the ashes, concentrate it and separate it as much as possible from the contaminants. This can be done in two ways: a) Wet-chemical treatment of the ashes. Dissolution of the ashes in an acid medium and subsequent recovery. It also involves the dissolution of part of the heavy metals in the ashes, as well as the Fe and Al present or added as coagulants. These metals can be removed, through various techniques, thus purifying the final product. P recovery yields between 70 and 98%. b) Thermal treatment of the ashes. Nutrients can be recovered from ashes by high temperature treatments. Volatile heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg are separated from the product via the gas phase and further collected in the flue dust, and heavy metals with high boiling points such as Fe, Cu, Ni and Cr are separated in the form of a liquid alloy. P recovery yields between 80 and 98%.(...See all) | 40.7-51.7 M€ | 3.0-3.8 M €/year | N/A | Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Sweden have specific regulations for biomass ash. Not found for digestate ashes or other Member-States(...See all) | Yes | CM13 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||
| 31 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Composted digestate | Digestate | Digestate | For digestate to be composted, other feedstocks are generally used, such as garden waste. Practically, some AD plants compost their raw digestate, while other compost the solid fraction of the digestate after it undergoes a solid/liquid separation.(...See all) | Spreading costs: 5 EUR/tonne Transport costs: 5-10 EUR/tonne (15-20 km away)(...See all) | 0-50 EUR/tonne | Yes (requirements differ from one country to another)(...See all) | Yes (if meetinf the standards set by EU Regulation for fertilising products 2019/1009)(...See all) | CMC 3-4-5 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||
| 32 | Biological nutrient recovery | Anaerobic digestion of several organic and biodegradable wastes.(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Vivianite | Digestate | Digestate | Vivianite is formed to a greater or lesser extent in aerobic digesters, especially if some Fe coagulant has previously been added (chemical phosphorus removal in WWTP for example) or to control the formation of H2S in the biogas. Its formation can also be promoted from the addition of Fe (II or III) and subsequent separation (mainly magnetically) of the mineral from the digested sludge. The procedures to promote the production of vivianite and its recovery from a digested sludge are still at a low TRL level.(...See all) | 10,000 €/tonne (potential) | No | No | CMC 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| 33 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | FuelCAl® | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Organo-mineral fertilizer OrCal®CM12(...See all) | Sewage sludge | Poland | Sewage sludge, biodegradable waste, selected animal by-products(...See all) | 9 | The principle of operation of the technology is based on a controlled electronic exothermic reaction, which takes place with the participation of a certified WapCal® reagent(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| 34 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Activated sludge wastewater treatmen(...See all) | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Granbial - organic fertiliser | Sewage sludge | Poland | Sexage sludge | 9 | Currently, in the sewage treatment plant belonging to Wodociągi Białostockie Sp. z o. o. around 4,000 tonnes of Granbial organic fertilizer are produced annually(...See all) | Wastewater entering the treatment plant undergoes Many technological changes based on mechanical and biological treatment methods. In the individual stages of the process, deposits are formed, which are the basis for the production of fertilizer. After dehydrating them to approx. 20% d.m. are directed to the dryer. The sludge is dried on heating trays at a temperature of approx. 205÷270°C. The temperature of the granules after drying is approx. 100°C. The dried sludge is discharged to a storage silo and then to storage boxes.(...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | Regulated the use of slugde on agricultural land(...See all) | ||||||
| 35 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Bioral technology | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | BIOROL Natural Fertiliser | Sewage sludge | Poland | Sewage sludge, ashes from biomass combustion(...See all) | 9 | Capacity up to 1 Mg/h and biofertiliser productivity from 150-400 kg/h(...See all) | Capex; 5 mln zł (1,06 mln )(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 36 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Struvite & other P-products | Phosphorus | Sewage sludge | Poland | Ashes from incinerated dried sludge from sewage treatment plants and products resulting from the processing of bones and fish bones(...See all) | Recovery of phosphorus from both bones and ash from sewage sludge incineration. Bacteria are used for this purpose. These bacteria are used to change the properties of phosphate raw materials. The bacteria make it easier for plants to absorb them. (...See all) | CM 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 37 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | AshDec thermochemical process | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Ash | Sewage sludge | Germany | Sewage sludge | 7 | 15.000 t per year | convert the low plant available phosphorus compound in the ash (Ca3(PO4)2) to the highly plant available compound CaNaPO4 while reducing the heavy metal content.The core process encompasses feeding ash to a rotary kiln where it is mixed with sodium compounds (e.g. Na2CO3) and a reducing agent, preferably sewage sludge. (...See all) | CM 13 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| 38 | Phosphoru precipitation | The crystallization of nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Sewage sludge | Spain | Sewage sludge | 8 | The treatment to produce struvite begins with the reception/accumulation of the wastewater. The currents from the WWTP used for the production of struvite are the sludge supernatants. These streams presents the higher phosphate and ammonia concentration in the WWTP. These influents are introduced into a crystallizer whit addition of magnesium chloride and sodium hydroxide. The addition of magnesium chloride is necessary to provide sufficient Mg2+ ions for the precipitation of the struvite. The amount added will be a function of the magnesium concentration present in the reactor and in the feed, and in accordance with the Mg/P molar ratio. The dosing of the soda is carried out to raise and maintain the pH at an optimal value to favour the crystallization and precipitation. To favour the fluidization of the struvite in the crystallizer, air is also introduced through the lower part of the reactor. After some time with the crystallizer in "production" mode, part of the struvite formed must be extracted.(...See all) | € 6.15 M | 183 €/tonne | 350 €/tonne | Not in Spain | Yes, according to EU Regulation 2019/1009. From: 16/06/2022(...See all) | CMC 12 | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||
| Phosphoru precipitation | PHORWater - biological processess and struvite scaling process(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | struvite | Sewage sludge | Spain | Waste water sewage | 6 | 10kg/day | The innovation of PHORWater is that faces the problem from less to more. Moving from the optimization of the integral management to increase phosphorus availability and decrease uncontrolled precipitation of phosphorus, to a new simple-operational P-recovery reactor.(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| Phosphoru precipitation | Struvite & other P-products | K-Struvite | Waste water | Urban waste water | 3 | Source-separated human urine is considered one of the most important target effluents to produce K-struvite. Urine is present in urban wastewater; however, the studies were performed with synthetic water (synthetic human urine). The precipitation of k-struvite is characterized by great complexity due to its solubility and the substances that inhibit the process. . In addition, to apply K-struvite as a slow-release fertilizer, technological improvements are required to produce high purity crystals and large dimensions (so that they can be easily recovered). The formation of fine crystals is the most frequent problem during precipitation applications. (...See all) | € 100 000 as pilot unit for demonstration. (Does not really reflect a resonable CAPEX or the concept of economy of scales)(...See all) | 4 €/kg P | 200 €/tonne | CM 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 51 | Biological nutrient recovery | Wastewater-based algae bio-refinery (WWAB). (...See all) | Alternative biomass | Microalgae hydrolysate | Waste water | Spain (Andalusia region, Almeria municipality) | Wastewater (sewage, centrate and pig manure) + marine water(...See all) | 5 | Wastewater-based algae biorefinery (WWAB). Up to 1.7 ha of raceway and tubular reactors located inside a greenhouse were installed to produce biomass for agriculture and aquaculture related applications. Using marine water and wastewater the plant is managing up to 2.000 m3 of microalgaecultures. (...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| 52 | Biological nutrient recovery | Wastewater is treated by a 3000 m2 High Rate Algae Pond (HRAP) and tertiary treatment composed of 250 m2 planted filter with natural material for enhancing phosphorous recovery. Irrigation water is finally obtained and reused with a solar anodic oxidtion disinfection and smart irrigation system. The biomass obtained is anaerobically digested and biomethane is produced by an innovative biogas upgrading system.(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Phosphorus | Waste water | Spain (Andalusia region, Almeria municipality) | Urban wastewater | 6 | Wastewater is treated by a 3000 m2 High Rate Algae Pond (HRAP) and tertiary treatment composed of 250 m2 planted filter with natural material for enhancing phosphorous recovery. Irrigation water is finally obtained and reused with a solar anodic oxidtion disinfection and smart irrigation system. The biomass obtained is anaerobically digested and biomethane is produced by an innovative biogas upgrading system. (...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 53 | Biological nutrient recovery | Five selected strains with proven antifungal, antibacterial and biostimulant activity will be cultivated using wastewater. Culture conditions and operational aspects of microalgae production will be optimised, and the yield and efficiency of large-scale production systems. Wastewater and marine water will be used to achieve sustainable processes. (...See all) | Biostimulant | Biofertilisers and biostimulant products(...See all) | Waste water | Spain (Andalusia region, Almeria municipality) | Urban wastewater + marine water(...See all) | 7 | Microalgae systems optimised will be able to operate in continuous mode for six months without collapses, at productivities higher than 70 t/ha•year, with power consumptions lower than 5 /m3, and recovering more than 90% of nutrients contained into wastes. Up to 10 t /ha•year and 2 tP/ha•year will be recovered at biomass production cost below 1.0 €/kg. The harvesting process will allow recovering more than 95% of produced biomass, with power consumptions below 0.1 kWh/m3. Mild processing technologies will be used to extract up to 80% of high-value products from the microalgae biomass, without damaging the residual biomass for its latter utilisation to produce biofertilisers. Only wet processes will be used to enhance the sustainability of the process, the utilisation of non-safe solvents being disregarded. https://www.algaenauts.eu/(...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 54 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Mebrane systems (UF, RO) coupled with freeze concentration(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Nutrient-rich concentrate | Waste water | Spain | Liquid fraction from WWTP in the transformation industry of fish (aquaculture)(...See all) | 4 | Liquid fraction of fish sludge collected in WWTP in fish transformation industry is treated with ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and both retentates are valorised through freeze concentration into nutrient rich concentrate.(...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 55 | Biological nutrient recovery | Biodrying | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Biodried solid fraction | Waste water | Spain | Solid fraction from WWTP in the transformation industry of fish (aquaculture)(...See all) | 7 | Solid fraction of fish sludge collected in WWTP in fish transformation industry is treated by biodrying.(...See all) | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 56 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | HRAS, ion exchange, absorption/desorption(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Ammonium-rich irrigation water, Ammonium-loaded natural adsorbent(...See all) | Waste water | Belgium | Urban WW and sewage sludge | 5 | 1,500 L WW/day5 | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||||
| 57 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Crystalisation | Struvite & other P-products | Vivianite | Waste water | Industrial waste water | Some laboratory-scale studies have studied the possibility of producing vivianite from industrial wastewater. However, a review of potentials of phosphorous recovery as vivianite from wastewater (Wu et al.m 2019) concluded "Phosphorus recovery from vivianite as an innovative practice has been creatively considered. However, studies on vivianite formation and phosphorus recovery from wastewater are inadequate and still in their childhood.(...See all) | 10,000 €/tonne (potential) | NO | Yes | CMC 12 | Not ABP. Does not fall under the definition of ABP or manure in the ABP regulations. (...See all) | Ammonium salts that are recovered from airpurification are waste. Can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | Ambigeous. Ammoniumsalts recoverd from air purification is not considered an ABP under the scope of the ABP regulation, as it does not fall into the definition of an ABP. Thus is not an manure or processed manure pr poroduct derived form manure under the scope of the ABPR EC2009/1069. The definition of mnuare under the Nitrate Directive is differs from the definition used in ABPR: all products that are produced from manure remain manure. No conclusion reached within the EC on status ammonium salts. (...See all) | ||||||
| 39 | Phosphoru precipitation | AshDec®" process | Struvite & other P-products | Precipitated calcium phophate | Sewage sludge | Sweden | Sewage sludge ash | 8 | 30,000t/year | a thermochemical process designed to convert the low plant available phosphorus compound in the ash (Ca3(PO4)2) to the highly plant available compound CaNaPO4 while reducing the heavy metal content.The core process encompasses feeding ash to a rotary kiln where it is mixed with sodium compounds (e.g. Na2CO3) and a reducing agent, preferably sewage sludge. The material is treated at around 900 °C for 15-20 min. Sodium ions replace calcium ions in the phosphates and formcitrate-soluble CaNaPO4 compounds. (...See all) | CM 12 | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if compliant with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| 40 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Vivianite | Sewage sludge | The Netherlands | Sewage sludge | 6 | Vivianite is the main iron phosphate mineral that forms during the digestion of sewage sludge. Vivianite (paramagnetic) can be recovered from the sludge after digestion using a magnetic separator. This has been demonstrated on a laboratory scale and on a pilot scale (ViviMag project). This technological process consists of a separation process to recover vivianite from the digested sludge by means of magnetic separation.(...See all) | Not in Spain | Yes, according to EU regulation 2019/(...See all) | CMC 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||
| 41 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Membrane systems (Microfiltration coupled to Reverse Osmosis and freeze concentration)(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Nutrient-rich concentrate | Sewage sludge | Spain | Liquid fraction of Fish sludge from RAS(...See all) | 4 | Liquid fraction of fish sludge collected in recirculating aquaculture system is treated with ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and both retentates are valorised through freeze concentration into nutrient rich concentrate(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| 42 | Biological nutrient recovery | Biodrying | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Biodried solid fraction | Sewage sludge | Spain | Solid fraction of fish sludge from RAS (...See all) | 7 | Solid fraction of fish sludge collected in recirculating aquaculture system is treated by biodrying(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| 43 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Composted sewage sludge (IT) | Italy | 9 | 1-15 €/tonne Average: 7 €/tonne(...See all) | Yes, in Italy from 1998. Actual law is the D.lgs 75/2010(...See all) | Not required by the EU Regulation 2019/1009, though it is by several national laws all over Europe.(...See all) | CMC 3 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 44 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Digestion followed by magnetic separation(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Vivianite | The netherlands | 6 | Vivianite is the main iron phosphate mineral that forms during the digestion of sewage sludge. Vivianite (paramagnetic) can be recovered from the sludge after digestion using a magnetic separator. This has been demonstrated on a laboratory scale and on a pilot scale (ViviMag project). This technological process consists of a separation process to recover vivianite from the digested sludge by means of magnetic separation.(...See all) | 10,000 €/tonne (potential) | Not in Spain | Yes, according to EU Regulation 2019/1009. From: 16/06/2022(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||
| 45 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) + nutrients recovery module(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Enriched reclaimed water (rich in N (especially organic nitrogen), P and K)(...See all) | Waste water | Spain (Andalusia region, Salteras municipality) | Wastewater from the slaughtering industry(...See all) | 9 | The raw material used in this project was slagutherwhouse watewater. The amount of nutrients contained in the wastewater of each slaughterhouse depends a lot on the type of animals slaughtered, the protocols followed in the slaughterhouse, etc. This concrete application in the selected slaughterhouse revealed a poor N and P composition of the concrete stream treated, which does not necessarily need to be the same as in other slaughterhouses. Thus, in this case, the "zero kilometre" approach was selected, aiming to fertigate the fields with the enriched reclaimed water.(...See all) | Wastewater from the slaughterhouse directly enters the SBR, a wastewater treatment solution capable of removing organic carbon, nutrients and suspended solids from wastewater in a single tank, while delivering an effluent in line with legal requirements for discharge. The SBR has a treatment capacity of 50m3 per day, and afterwards goes through a nutrients recovery module, where a filtration process (microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis) takes place.(...See all) | Depends on the flow to be treated(...See all) | The enriched reclaimed water fulfils all requirements set by the corresponding applicable legislation, i.e., the Council Directive on May 21st, 1991 91/271/EEC(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011. Household food waste is an ABP. (...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||
| 46 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | RichWater® system | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Enriched reclaimed water | Waste water | Spain (Andalusia region, Algarrobo municipality) | Urban wastewater | 6 | The effluent produced is free of pathogens and rich in nutrients, showing 99.99% of E.Coli removal, 69% of total N recovery, 80% of total P recovery and 94% of K recovery. The average content of N in RichWater® effluent was about 36.4 mg/L. RichWater® technology obtained in 2020 the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV), which is a guarantee on the technology performance. ETV has been conducted by an external and independent verification body, the Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas (IETU) located in Poland, which certified that RichWater® is able to treat urban wastewater up to the necessary quality standards required for irrigation. (...See all) | The RichWater® system is based on a new groundbreaking system combining low-cost and energy efficient Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) treatment, a module for mixing the optimal fertigation water connected to the up-to-date irrigation technology and an advanced monitoring /control module including soil sensors to guarantee demand-driven and pathogen-free fertigation. The MBR has been designed for a 150 m3/day flow, and it works in a way that the nutrients it contains (mainly N and P, but also other nutrients such as K, Mg and Ca) remain after the treatment, whilst pathogens are removed. (...See all) | The RichWater® system is based on a new groundbreaking system combining low-cost and energy efficient Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) treatment, a module for mixing the optimal fertigation water connected to the up-to-date irrigation technology and an advanced monitoring /control module including soil sensors to guarantee demand-driven and pathogen-free fertigation. The MBR has been designed for a 150 m3/day flow, and it works in a way that the nutrients it contains (mainly N and P, but also other nutrients such as K, Mg and Ca) rem(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||
| 47 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Secondary wastewater treatment with ultrafiltration, active carbon and reverse osmosis (DW) 2. Secondary wastewater treatment mixed with brine (RW)(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Enriched reclaimed water | Waste water | Spain (Murcia region - borders Andalusia to the East - , Roldán municipality) | Urban wastewater | 6 | Treated effluent from the Roldán-Balsicas wastewater treatment plant is reclaimed using a prototype module and then used for agricultural irrigation by the Irrigation District of Campo de Cartagena. Cultivation techniques include horticultural crops (59 %), citrus trees (30 %), fruit trees (4 %) and greenhouses (7 %). Greenhouses cover about 1,300 ha of irrigated land, with about 96 % of that surface devoted to pepper cultivation; the rest is devoted to cultivation of zucchini, tomato and ornamental flowers. Cultivation is mainly (93 %) conducted using drip irrigation techniques. (...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| 48 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Ultrasonic treatment and a ring filtration system(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Enriched reclaimed water | Waste water | Spain (Murcia region - borders Andalusia to the East - , Roldán municipality) | 6 | The wastewater treated at Montilla WWTP, by means of a prolonged low-load aeration process and subsequent secondary decantation, is sent to a decantation pond in sector I of the CR TINTIN. This pond has a useful capacity of 9,143.45 m3, being used for irrigating a surface of 650.53 hectares.(...See all) | The minimum requirements for the water reuse established in the majority of existing regulations, like RD 1620/2007 and the new Regulation (EU) 2020/741, must be applied as long as reclaimed water from municipal sewage treatment plants is used for irrigation in agriculture, in accordance with Directive 91/271/EEC. The quality of the reclaimed water complies with the quality criteria established in annex I.A, Quality 2.3 of RD 1620/2007, related to eggs of intestinal nematodes, E. coli and solids in suspension, which guarantees that said water can be used with security for agricultural irrigation of the olive grove, also ensuring a level of environmental protection, human health and animal health.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011. Household food waste is an ABP. (...See all) | ||||||||||
| 49 | Phosphoru precipitation | An elutriation process full-scale wa implemented, in a reversible configuration, to extract and concentrate phosphates before they enter anaerobic digestion, were uncontrolled P precipitation starts causing operational problems. Phosphates concentrate in the supernatant of primary thickeners can feed the P recovery unit for struvite production. (...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Recovered N and P - struvite, ammonium nitrate and sludge(...See all) | Waste water | Spain (Murcia region - borders Andalusia to the East - , Murcia municipality) | Urban wastewater | 6 | Murcia Este full-scale projection will produce 1100 t/y of struvite and 1937 t/y of ammonium nitrate (21%w), which accounts for 42% of P recovery and 11% of N recovery (8.4% as AN) of total P and N present in wastewater influent, under a favorable scenario of high bio-P removal and 9.1 mg/L of Ptot in WWTP influent. Considering market prices of 350 and 410 €/t of struvite and ammonium nitrate, revenues would be of 385 k€/y and 794 k€/y, respectively (total of 1.17 M€).(...See all) | Depending on the configuration of the WWTP, phosphate can accumulate in centrates or in the supernatant from primary thickeners, so both streams were fed to the P recovery unit, where ammonium accumulates in higher concentrations, allowing struvite production. N recovery was assessed in centrates stream, since it accumulates ammonium in high concentrations allowing high N recovery rates. Altogether, LIFE ENRICH integrated P&N recovery solution enables a flexible and robust process that maximises nutrient recovery. (...See all) | OPEX for struvite production is 202 k€/y (183 €/t) and for AN, 891 k€/y (460 €/t). Also, this nutrient recovery process has other benefits regarding WWTP performance, which translate in OPEX savings for the installation. They come from improving sludge dewaterability, avoiding uncontrolled P precipitation problems, and reduce the N load to biological reactors. Overall, a positive margin of 322 k€/y would be achieved.(...See all) | Regarding operational costs of nutrient recovery technologies, OPEX for struvite production is 202 k€/y (183 €/t) and for AN, 891 k€/y (460 €/t), being the main costs NHO3 and zeolites (N recovery) and NaOH (P recovery) over other chemicals and energy consumption.(...See all) | The recovered struvite and ammonium nitrate were characterised to accomplish the legislative requirements for new fertilising materials (EU 2019/1009)(...See all) | |||||||
| 50 | Phosphoru precipitation | Phorwater process | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Waste water | Spain | waste water | 7 | Pilot plant has a capacity of 20m3/d (recovery of 10 kg/d), but it is easy to scale up a full scale reactor(...See all) | Struvite crystallisation process. Struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P.(...See all) | struvite production (75 k€ for elutriation process) and 1.39 M€ for ammonium nitrate production (total of 6.15 M€)(...See all) | 6-42 €/kg P | 0 - 1,000 €/tonne (100 €/tonne as most probable value)(...See all) | End of waste declaration (Grondstofverklaring Ovam, Belgium), Precipitated phosphate salts can be legally used as a fertiliser in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Denmark and the UK(...See all) | CMC12 compliant | CMC 12 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||
| 58 | Phosphoru precipitation | Precipitation of P using cations(...See all) | Dairy processing sludge | Waste water | Ireland | Wastewater from milk processing plants(...See all) | 6 | 126,718 t/year | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 59 | Phosphoru precipitation | Ostara's Pearl phosphorus recovery(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Waste water | Ireland | Urban wastewater | 9 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 60 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Gas scrubber | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Biolan Ravinneneste | Biowaste | Finland | Seaweed | NH4 from the composting reactor is scrubbed into lactic acid to get ammonium lactate liquid. Additional nutrients mixed to the liquid(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 61 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Drying, mixing, pelletizing and granulation (...See all) | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Ravinnepuikko | Biowaste | Finland | Seaweed | Side streams that have to be treated according to the (EY) N:o 1069/2009 and (EU) 142/2011 are treated in the dryer, possible other raw materials are added and the mix is pelletized(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | |||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Hevonkakkalannoite | Biowaste | Seaweed, feather meal | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Havu- ja rodolannoite | Biowaste | Seaweed, feather meal, meat and bone meal(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Kanankakka | Biowaste | Seaweed | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Luonnonlannoite | Biowaste | Seaweed | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Parvekekasvilannoite | Biowaste | Seaweed, Meat and bone meal, blood meal, seaweed(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Tomaatti- ja vihanneslannoite(...See all) | Biowaste | Seaweed,Meat and bone meal, blood meal, seaweed(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Yrtti- ja taimilannoite | Biowaste | Meat and bone meal, blood meal, seaweed(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Marja- ja hedelmälannoite(...See all) | Biowaste | Seaweed, feather meal | ||||||||||||||||
| 62 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Pyrolysis | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Biochar | Biowaste | EU | Biowaste such as food and garden waste(...See all) | 8 | The stages of the process are: 1. Physical separation of improper materials (sieving/shorting). 2. Drying of the pretreated BW at least 85% dry solids 3. Pyrolysis of the pretreated BW and separation of the biochar from the rest of the products obtained. An alternative is to treat the BW by AD, and use the solid fraction of the digestate obtained as raw material for pyrolysis. In this case, it is necessary to previously dry said solid fraction.(...See all) | 14.5 M€ 3 ton/h biochar production plant(...See all) | N/A | 450 - 850 €/tonne From plant materials(...See all) | National regulation in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. Biochar of vegetable origin only.(...See all) | Yes | CMC 14 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||
| 63 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Compost | Biowaste | EU | Biowaste | 9 | Bio-waste (food waste and garden waste) can be composted either aerobically or anaerobically therefore producing a fertilizer or soil enhancer.(...See all) | € 30 M for a 60 000 tonnes annual capacity(...See all) | 51 €/t | 10Eur/t (fresh mass) - 55 €/t(...See all) | Yes, in Italy from 1998. Actual law is the D.lgs 75/2010(...See all) | Yes, European Union Regulation 2019/1009(...See all) | CMC 3 | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | compost | Biowaste | Ireland | Household waste | 9 | |||||||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | Biociclo | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Compost | Biowaste | Italy | Green waste and food waste | 9 | 69.000 t/year of waste | Waste undergoes an aerobic treatment: treatment takes place in a large enclosed space in a depression environment. The intake system constantly conveys the air present in the covered structure into the external filters of 752 square meters to be purified(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | IOK Afvalbeheer | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Compost | Biowaste | Belgium | Veg, fruit & garden waste | 9 | 25.000 ton vfg-compost/y | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | ACEA pinerolese | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Compost | Biowaste | Italy | municipal organic waste | 9 | 60000 t/y of organic waste | The first phase of the process consists of an anaerobic biodigestion (in the absence of oxygen), which allows the recovery of material (compost) with an innovative energy recovery system (biogas). In the future framework, all the biogas is going to be used for biomethane production.(...See all) | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | |||||||||
| Biological nutrient recovery | IMOG process | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Compost | Biowaste | Belgium | green waste (from parks, public domain, gardens)(...See all) | 12.000 ton green compost/y | At IMOG the accepted green waste follows undergoes a 4-phase composting: (a) reduce (chip) and mix the green waste, (b) 5 weeks : set up compost heap on windrow with membrane and forced aeration, (c) 3 weeks: converting windrow to a higher pile (‘table’), (d) 3 weeks: conversion from table to table.(...See all) | ABP cat 2 and 3 may be used as OF/SI if compliant with requirements of art 32 of EG 12069/2009 and implementing requirements of EU 142/20011.(...See all) | Manure and materials produced from manure can only be used to a max of 170 kg N/hect in the NVZ (nitrate vulnerable zones)(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 64 | Biological nutrient recovery and Thermochemical nutrient recovery | anaerobic digestion, N stripper and scrubber(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | AS solution | Biowaste | Italy | Biowaste | 9 | 77 kt y-3 | • Feedstock (organic waste) is collected in basins located in a closed building to prevent the release of odour. A biofilter placed on the roof of the building purifies the exhausted air; • The organic waste is then heated and mixed with digestate from the third digester; • The mixed feedstock then undergoes thermophilic AD (minimum retention time of 20 days at a temperature of 55 °C) which ensures hygienisation of the ingoing sewage sludge; • The system of digesters is equipped with a side-stream N-stripper, in which NH3 is stripped from the stripping agent, biogas. This is done by leading biogas through 50% sulphuric acid resulting in an ammonium sulphate solution. • For the previous absorption unit biogas was used as stripping agent. For the new Nscrubber, biogas has been replaced by air. Moreover, the novel N-absorber is made of the high-performance material Alloy 825, which allows higher process temperatures. • The novel absorber design enables a higher gas flow rate, thereby increasing the recovery of NH4-N from the digestate entering the N-stripper to up to 35%. With the previous absorption unit an NH4-N recovery of just about 20% was achieved. • Both the digestate and the ammonium sulphate solution are stored in close tanks.(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 65 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Evaporation and reverse osmosis(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | Evaporator concentrate | Biowaste | Belgium | Biowaste from agrofood industry(...See all) | 9 | 134 kt y-2 | The decanter centrifuge, with addition of polymer flocculant to improve separation, separates the digestate in an SF and an LF of digestate. • As in the previous process, the SF of digestate (25–30% DM) is dried up to 80–90% DM. • The LF of digestate (3.5–4.5% DM) flows into an acidification tank where addition of sulphuric acid lowers the pH to 6.5–7 to prevent ammonia losses in the subsequent evaporation step. Compared to the previous NRR system, the amount of polymer flocculant needed decreased from 63 to 38 tonnes per year. • The vapour produced by the vacuum evaporator, containing <0.1% mineral N, is condensed to form condensed water. Currently, the condensed water is reused to a.o. dilute the digester feedstock, make the polymer flocculant solution or clean the evaporator plates. In the future, the RO unit (57 kWe) will process it into dischargeable purified water. • The evaporator concentrate, which has a DM content >10%, will be blended with the dried SF of digestate into an organic NPK fertiliser and applied on agricultural land. Each of the two evaporator units require about 381 kWe and 1500 kWth, which is a lot more than the DAF unit did require.(...See all) | ||||||||||
| 66 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Microfiltration and reverse osmosis, ion exchange, RePeat system(...See all) | Scrubber soultion & mineral concentrares(...See all) | RO concentrate | Biowaste | The netherlands | Biowaste from agroindustry/pig slurry(...See all) | 9 | 134 kt y-2 | The decanter centrifuge, with addition of polymer flocculant to improve separation, separates the digestate in an SF and an LF of digestate. • As in the previous process, the SF of digestate (25–30% DM) is dried up to 80–90% DM. • The LF of digestate (3.5–4.5% DM) flows into an acidification tank where addition of sulphuric acid lowers the pH to 6.5–7 to prevent ammonia losses in the subsequent evaporation step. Compared to the previous NRR system, the amount of polymer flocculant needed decreased from 63 to 38 tonnes per year. • The vapour produced by the vacuum evaporator, containing <0.1% mineral N, is condensed to form condensed water. Currently, the condensed water is reused to a.o. dilute the digester feedstock, make the polymer flocculant solution or clean the evaporator plates. In the future, the RO unit (57 kWe) will process it into dischargeable purified water. • The evaporator concentrate, which has a DM content >10%, will be blended with the dried SF of digestate into an organic NPK fertiliser and applied on agricultural land. Each of the two evaporator units require about 381 kWe and 1500 kWth, which is a lot more than the DAF unit did require.(...See all) | ||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Solid fraction of digestate | Biowaste | |||||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Struvite & other P-products | Low-P soil improver | Biowaste | |||||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Struvite & other P-products | Precipitated P salt | Biowaste | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||||
| 67 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery and Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Sieving/sorting, shredding/pelletizing, possibly drying(...See all) | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Hydrochar | Biowaste | EU | Biowaste | 8 | The stages of the process are: 1. Physical separation of improper materials (sieving/shorting). 2. Mixing of the pre-treated BW with water and hydrothermal carbonization of the mixture. 3. SL separation of the carbonised media. 4. Treatment of the liquid fraction and dewatering-drying of the solid fraction. An alternative is to treat the BW by AD, and use the digestate (undried) as feedstock for hydrothermal carbonization.(...See all) | € 1.8-10.8 M (capacity 9300-43 000 tonnes biowaste/year)(...See all) | 20 €/tonne of bio-waste for capacity of 78 000 tonnes/year(...See all) | 130-200 €/tonne | Specific regulation at national level of the Member-States not found(...See all) | Yes | CMC 14 | |||||
| 68 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Sieving/sorting. Possibly drying depending on the biowaste moisture(...See all) | Biochar, Hydrochar & Ash | Ash | Biowaste | EU | Two major fractions are garden & park waste and food & kitchen waste. (...See all) | 9 | 1. BW direct combustion. The ashes obtained will contain a large part of the heavy metals contained in the initial BW. On the other hand, the P from the ashes will be in a less soluble and available to plants form. For this reason, the ashes can be treated in a second stage to recover the P from the ashes, concentrate it and separate it as much as possible from the pollutans. This can be done in two ways: a) Wet-chemical treatment of the ashes. Dissolution of the ashes in an acid medium and subsequent recovery. It also involves the dissolution of part of the heavy metals in the ashes, as well as the Fe and Al present or added as coagulants. These metals can be removed, through various techniques, thus purifying the final product. P recovery yields between 70 and 98%. b) Thermal treatment of the ashes. Nutrients can be recovered from ashes by high temperature treatments. Volatile heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg are separated from the product via the gas phase and further collected in the flue dust, and heavy metals with high boiling points such as Fe, Cu, Ni and Cr are separated in the form of a liquid alloy. P recovery yields between 80 and 98%.(...See all) | 40.7-51.7 M€ | 3.0-3.8 M €/year | N/A | Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Sweden have specific regulations for biomass ash. Not found for digestate ashes or other Member-States(...See all) | Yes | CMC 13 | |||||
| 69 | Phosphoru precipitation | Struvite crystallisation process(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Biowaste | Murcia, Spain | Selective organic biowaste | 7 | Struvite crystallisation process. Struvite is produced in a CSTR with agitation and pH control. Mg salt is dosed according to the selected molar dosage ratio Mg/P(...See all) | € 100 000 | 80-120 €/tonne | Precipitated phosphate salts can be legally used as a fertiliser in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Denmark and the UK(...See all) | Yes | CMC 12 | ||||||
| 70 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Drying, mixing, pelletizing and granulation(...See all) | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 11-1-2-1 | Bilogical byproduct | Finland | blood meal | Legal status of fish excerment sludge resulting from the recirculating aquaculture production is ambigeous. Could be ABP (but not manure) or waste (sludge). (...See all) | ||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 8-1-5-2 | Bilogical byproduct | Finland | blood meal | |||||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Arvo 8-1-2-1 | Bilogical byproduct | Finland | blood meal | |||||||||||||||
| 71 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Pelletizing | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Mineral NPKS | Bilogical byproduct | Finland | MBM | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) | ||||||||||||
| 72 | Thermochemical nutrient recovery | Recycle, recover, reuse high temperature pyrolosis process(...See all) | Struvite & other P-products | Bio-phosphate | Bilogical byproduct | Hungary | Food grade animal bone | 8 | 20.800t/year | |||||||||||
| 73 | Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Drying, mixing, pelletizing and granulation (...See all) | Granular/Pelletised & Powder | Biolan Parvekekasvilannoite | Bilogical byproduct | Seaweed, Meat and bone meal, blood meal, seaweed(...See all) | Waste materials or materials derived from waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC. (...See all) | |||||||||||||
| Physical-chemical nutrient recovery | Biolan Tomaatti- ja vihanneslannoite(...See all) | Bilogical byproduct | Seaweed,Meat and bone meal, blood meal, seaweed(...See all) | Waste can be used as fertilisers if regulated as such under national fertiliser and waste regulations, or used as material for EU fertilisers under FPR if complinat with requirements of CMC 15. (...See all) | ||||||||||||||||
| 74 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Composted biological by-products(...See all) | Bilogical byproduct | Germany | Biological by-produt | 9 | 6-13 €/t FM | 4-6 €/t FM | ||||||||||
| 75 | Phosphoru precipitation | The crystallization | Struvite & other P-products | Struvite | Bilogical byproduct | EU | Biological by-produt | 9 | Precipitated phosphate salts can be legally used as a fertiliser in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Denmark and the UK(...See all) | Yes | ||||||||||
| 76 | Biological nutrient recovery | Composting | Compost , digestate & other biomass(...See all) | Spent mushroom compost | Bilogical byproduct | Ireland | Chopped wheatan straw, poultry manure, horse manure & gypsum(...See all) | 6 | If product contains or is derived from ABP ABP: APB that comply with requirements for OF/SI can be used as fertiliser.(...See all) |
